Electronics Science Notes

1) Semiconductor Diodes

Electronics is the study of electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies.

• Semiconductor, P and N type semiconductors,
• Formation of PN junction diode, it’s working
• Zener diode, LED, Photo diode
Notes of Unit-1)

2) Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)

A semiconductor is a material that has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. They are the foundation of modern electronics.

• Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) symbol, types, construction, working principle
• Transistor, Amplifier configurations - CB, CC (only concept),
• CE configuration: input and output characteristics, Definition of α, β and ϒ , Concept of Biasing
Notes of Unit-2)

3) Oscillators

A diode is a semiconductor device that allows current to flow in one direction only. It's one of the most basic components in electronics.

• Barkhauson Criteria,
• Low frequency Wein-bridge oscillator,
• High frequency crystal oscillator
Notes of Unit-3)

Coming Soon

4) Data converters

Transistors are semiconductor devices used to amplify or switch electronic signals. They are the building blocks of modern electronic devices.

• Need of Digital to Analog converters, parameters,
• weighted resistive network, R-2R ladder network
• need of Analog to Digital converters, parameters, Flash ADC
Notes of Unit-4)

5) Introduction to Instrumentation System

Circuit design is the process of designing electronic circuits that achieve a specific functionality. It involves selecting components and creating schematics for electronic devices.

• Block diagram of Instrumentation system, Definition of sensor and transducer Classification of sensors: Active and passive sensors.
• Specifications of sensors: Accuracy, range, linearity, sensitivity, resolution, reproducibility.
• Temperature sensor (Thermistor, LM-35), Passive Infrared sensor (PIR),
• Actuators: DC Motor, stepper motor
Notes of Unit-5)

6) OPAMP as signal Conditioner

Circuit design is the process of designing electronic circuits that achieve a specific functionality. It involves selecting components and creating schematics for electronic devices.

• Concept, block diagram of Op amp,
• basic parameters (ideal and practical): input and output impedance
• bandwidth, differential and common mode gain, CMRR,
• slew rate, IC741/ LM324, Concept of virtual ground.
Notes of Unit-6)

Coming Soon

Follow Telegram

SYBSC (Comp. Sci.) Semester -III

Paper-II, Digital Communication and Networking, ELC- 232
Notes of Digital Communication and Networking.
Chap. 1 Introduction to Electronics Communication.
Chap. 2 Modulation and Demodulation.
Chap. 3 Multiplexing Spectrum spreading and media access control.
Below here 3 chapter notes are provided.

Chap. 1 Introduction to Electronics Communication.

UNIT 1: Introduction to Electronic Communication (9)
Introduction to Communication: Elements of Communication system, types of noise sources,
Electromagnetic spectrum, signal and channel bandwidth,
Types of communication: simplex, half duplex, full duplex, baseband and broadband,
Serial communication: asynchronous and synchronous,
Information Theory: Information entropy, rate of information (data rate, baud rate), channel capacity, Nyquist theorem, Signal to noise ratio, Noise Figure,
Shannon theorem,
Error handling codes: Necessity, Hamming code, CRC

Chap. 2 Modulation and Demodulation.

UNIT 2: Modulation and Demodulation (5)
Introduction to modulation and demodulation: Concept and need of modulation and demodulation,
Digital Modulation techniques: Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), FSK, QPSK, QAM.

Chap. 3 Multiplexing Spectrum spreading and media access control.

UNIT 3: Multiplexing, Spectrum Spreading and Media Access Control (12)
Multiplexing techniques:
Frequency division multiplexing, wavelength division multiplexing, Time division multiplexing
Spread Spectrum techniques:
Frequency hopping Spread Spectrum, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
Media Access Control (MAC):
Random Access Protocol: ALOHA, CSMA, CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA,
Controlled Access Protocols: Reservation, Polling, Token passing,
Channelization Protocols: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA.

UNIT 4: Computer Networking (10)
Introduction to computer networks

Types of networks : LAN, MAN, WAN, Wireless networks, Switching, Internet,
Network topology : point to point, Star, Ring, Bus, Mesh, Tree, Daisy Chain, Hybrid
Network devices : Repeater, Switch, Networking cables, Router, Bridge, Hub, Brouter, Gateway.
Wired LANs:- Ethernet: Ethernet protocol, standard Ethernet, 100 MBPS Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, 10 Gigabit Ethernet,
Computer network model: OSI and TCP/IP.

Recommended books:

1.Communication Electronics: Principles and Applications, Frenzel, Tata Mc Graw Hill publication, 5th edition.
2. Data Communication and Networking, Forouzan, Mc Graw Hill publication, 5th edition 3. Computer Networks, Tanenbaum, pHI publication, 5th edition.

Chapter Name and Download link

Chap. 1 Introduction to Electronics Communication.
Chap. 2 Modulation and Demodulation.
Chap. 3 Multiplexing Spectrum spreading and media access control.

Use following link for previous year question papers of BCA









Use following link for previous year question papers of B.Sc (Computer Science)









FYBSc(Cyber and Digital Science) question paper









Notes of Digital Communication and Networking

Paper-I: Microcontroller Architecture & Programming (ELC 231)

UNIT- 1: Basics of Microcontroller and Intel 8051 architecture [08]

Introduction to microcontrollers, difference in controller and processor.
Architecture of 8051, Internal block diagram, Internal RAM organization, SFRS, pin functions of 8051,
I/O port structure and Operation, External Memory Interface.

UNIT-2: Programming model of 8051 [10]

Instruction classification, Instruction set, Addressing Modes: Immediate, register, direct,
indirect and relative, assembler directives (ORG, END), features with examples,
I/O Bit and Byte programming using assembly language for LED and seven segment display (SSD) interfacing.
Introduction to 8051 programming in C.

UNIT- 3: Timer /Counter, Interrupts [10]

Timer / counter: TMOD, TCON, SCON, SBUF, PCON Registers, Timer modes, programming for time delay using mode 1 and mode 2.
Interrupts: Introduction to interrupt, Interrupt types and their vector addresses, Interrupt enable register and interrupt priority register (IE, IP)

UNIT- 4: Interfacing, Serial Communication [08]

Programming of serial port without interrupt, Serial Communication:
Synchronous and asynchronous serial communication, Use of timer to select baud rate for serial communication.
Interfacing : ADC, DAC, LCD, stepper motor

Recommended books:

1. 8051 microcontroller and Embedded system using assembly and C : Mazidi and McKinley, Pearson publications
2. The 8051 microcontroller – Architecture, programming and applications: K.Uma Rao and Andhe Pallavi, Pearson publications.










Use following link for previous year question papers of BCA









Use following link for previous year question papers of B.Sc (Computer Science)









FYBSc(Cyber and Digital Science) question paper









Notes of Digital Communication and Networking